Fig. 7
From: Intranasal prime-boost RNA vaccination elicits potent T cell response for lung cancer therapy
Intranasal circRNA vaccine augments the anti-tumor efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy against tumor cells expressing specific tumor-associated antigens. a Scheme of the experiment to track the migration and expansion of transferred OT-1 cells. Cells were activated, infected with luciferase-coding retrovirus and then transferred to tumor-bearing Rag1−/− mice. T cell proliferation at lung tissues was monitored by bioluminescence imaging. Created with BioRender.com. b Bioluminescence images of the mice at different time points. Mock T cells were cells isolated from WT mice, circRNARFP was used as an irrelevant vaccine control. c Statistical results of average radiance at lung tissues at different time points. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. d Survival curve of the mice after different treatments. Data were analyzed via Kaplan-Meier analysis. e Scheme of the vaccine-responsive CAR-T cell design. OT-1 cells were activated and infected with anti-EGFR CAR-coding retrovirus. The CAR-T cells can kill EGFR-expressing tumor cells through their CAR molecule and can be stimulated with SIINFEKL antigen-loaded APCs through their TCR-machinery. Created with BioRender.com. f Statistical analysis of tumor cell lysis after coculture with EGFR-expressing B16 cells and the CAR-T cells at different E:T ratio. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. g Analysis of IFN-γ secretion after coculture with the vaccine-responsive CAR-T cells and DC2,4 cells. DC2.4 cells were pre-transfected with different doses of RNA 24 h before coculture. h Timeline of the experiment to evaluate the anti-tumor ability of combination therapy with intranasal RNA vaccine and transferred CAR-T cells. i, j Bioluminescence images (i) and statistical result of average radiance (j) at different time points. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (k) Survival curve of the mice with different treatments. Data were analyzed via Kaplan-Meier analysis. All data are represented as mean ± SEM
