Fig. 8
From: Intranasal prime-boost RNA vaccination elicits potent T cell response for lung cancer therapy
Proposed model of the intranasal circRNA vaccine for cancer therapy. Compared with conventional intravenous vaccine, intranasal delivery of circRNA vaccine results in fewer systemic adverse effects. For the mechanism of action of the vaccine, cDC1s are responsible for activating T cells at lymph nodes in the priming phase. Then, both cDC1s and AMs play significant roles in amplifying pre-existing endogenous or adoptive transferred antigen-specific T cells directly within lung tissues. Moreover, the priming-boosting vaccination strategy enhances the generation of memory T cells, which are critical for long-term immune surveillance and response. Consequently, the endogenous or adoptive transferred T cells trained by the vaccine are capable of initiating a robust and targeted anti-tumor immune response. Overall, the intranasal delivery of the circRNA vaccine leverages localized immune activation and amplification, presenting a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy with minimized systemic adverse effects. Created with BioRender.com
