Fig. 1 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 1

From: Adiponectin to the rescue: extracorporeal photopheresis for managing immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced toxicities

Fig. 1

Schematic representation of ECP’s effect on immune cells and intestinal irAEs. ECP induces leukocyte apoptosis, followed by their phagocytosis by macrophages. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) is phosphorylated and induces Arginase-1 (ARG1), CD206, CD301 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in macrophages. These macrophages adopt an M2-like phenotype produce adiponectin. Consequently, tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs), Th1, Tc1, pathogenic CD25high T cells and neutrophils are downregulated. Conversely, regulatory T cells (Tregs) are downregulated. The immunological changes lead to the resolution of irAE-associated inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. ECP: extracorporeal photopheresis. (figure created with BioRender.com)

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