Fig. 5

ROS generation of the as-synthesized MSF and MSF@CCM. a Time-dependent sono-degradation of MB caused by MSF@CCM. b The degradation rate of MB (A/A₀) caused by MSN, FeOOH nanodots, MSF and MSF@CCM after US irradiation (1.0 MHz, 1.5 W cm⁻²). c ESR spectra of •OH after different treatments. US: 1.0 MHz, 1.5 W cm⁻², 1 min. d Time-dependent sono-degradation of DPA caused by MSF@CCM. e The degradation rate of DPA (A/A₀) caused by MSN, FeOOH nanodots, MSF and MSF@CCM after US irradiation (1.0 MHz, 1.5 W cm⁻²). f ESR spectra of ¹O₂ after different treatments. US: 1.0 MHz, 1.5 W cm⁻², 1 min. g The UV−vis−NIR absorbance spectra of TMB after incubation with MSF@CCM for different times. h GSH depletion after incubation with MSF. i The proposed mechanism of ROS generation