Fig. 5
The upregulation of Arg1 and VDAC1 lactylation lead to the release of mtDNA. a The extent of mPTP opening was observed using Calcein-CoCl2 staining, scale bars correspond to 10 μm for low-magnification images and 5 μm for high-magnification views (n = 3 independent experiments). b Relative MPTP opening ratio (fluoresce intensity of MitoTracker/Calcein) in each group (n = 3 independent experiments). c Schematic diagram of the spatial relationship between mtDNA and VDAC. d Western blot analysis detected the expressions of VDACs following hypoxic conditions (n = 3 independent experiments). e–g The changes of post-translational modifications of VDACs after hypoxia (n = 3 independent experiments). h The effect of Arg1 knockout on VDAC1 lactylation (n = 3 independent experiments). i Mass spectrum of VDAC1 lactylation modification sites. j VDAC1 lysine 224 (K224) lactylation modification site structural display. k Conservational analysis of the K224 site in VDAC1. l Relative intracellular lactate levels detection in different groups (n = 3 independent experiments). m The effect of VDAC1 K224R mutation mimicking deacetylation on mtDNA release in hypoxic or Arg1 overexpressed VSMCs, scale bars correspond to 5 μm for low-magnification images and 2.5 μm for high-magnification views (n = 3 independent experiments). a: p < 0.05, as compared with the Normal group; b: p < 0.05, as compared with the Hypoxia + siNC group; c: p < 0.05, as compared with the Hypoxia + Arg1WT group; d: p < 0.05, as compared with the Normal + Vector group
