Fig. 3

The relationship between genomic mutations and the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy was explored through next-generation sequencing analysis of blood and tumor tissue samples. a Genomic profile at baseline based on ctDNA in 30 patients (mutation frequency ≥4%); b Analysis of differences in blood tumor mutation burden (bTMB) among groups at baseline. c Changes in bTMB among groups during neoadjuvant therapy. d Baseline genomic mutation profile based on tumor tissue samples. e The relationship between STK11 mutations and survival was validated. f Changes in gene mutations during neoadjuvant therapy were categorized into four patterns: gain (mutations appearing after treatment), increase (mutation frequency rising after treatment), loss (mutations eliminated after treatment), and decrease (mutation frequency decreasing after treatment). pCR, pathological complete response; bTMB, blood tumor mutational burden