Fig. 7

Schematic model showing the nuclear translocation route and functional role of nuclear TfR1. TfR1 is first dissociated from the plasma membrane by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Next, it is transported in the form of vesicles to the perinuclear region via the Golgi complex–ER retrotranslocation pathway and is imported through the nuclear pore complex. Through multi-omics analysis, we elucidated that once TfR1 enters the nucleus, it interacts with p53 and positively regulates the transcription of p53 downstream genes, especially those in the NER pathway, thereby promoting tumor progression. This figure was created with BioRender (https://biorender.com)