Table 1 Surface markers and functions of M1 and M2 macrophages
From: Dual roles and therapeutic targeting of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor microenvironments
TAM marker | Cell type | Overall functionality | Change in TAMs | Therapeutic drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
CD80 | M1 | Anti-tumor | Promote T-cell activation and proliferation; increase T-cell infiltration; block immunosuppression of tumor cells by binding to PD-1, etc. | |
CD86 | M1 | Anti-tumor | Promote T-cell activation and proliferation; increase T-cell infiltration; enhance the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors, etc. | |
CD40 | M1 | Anti-tumor | Increase in macrophage infiltration of tumors; promotion of the tumor-killing effect of macrophages; promotion of tumor stroma reduction, etc. | |
MHC- II | M1 | Anti-tumor | Activation of naive CD4+ T cells; increased infiltration of lymphocytes into tumors; improved overall survival of tumor patients, etc. | |
TLR2 | M1 | Anti-tumor and pro-tumor | TLR2plays different roles in the presence or absence of binding adjuvant and in the presence of different adjuvants | minocycline |
TLR4 | M1 | antitumor | Through interaction with CCRL2, the activation of macrophages and the promotion of subsequent anti-tumor responses by CD8+ T cells, among other things | |
CD274 | M2 | tumor promoting | Binds to PD-1 and inhibits T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immune responses in the tumor microenvironment, leading to poor prognosis, among others | Aspirin |
CD206 | M2 | Tumor-promoting as the main focus | When CD206+TAM has antigenic cross-competence, it improves overall survival in tumor patients; high CD206macrophage infiltration is associated with advanced stage and high tumor recurrence rates, among others | 1 Pulsatilla chinensis (P.chinensis) 2. Ginsenoside Rh2(G-Rh2) |
CD163 | M2 | tumor promoting | The CD163 macrophage population has anti-inflammatory functions and promotes angiogenesis, making malignant tumors more susceptible to further metastasis, leading to a poorer prognosis and reduced overall survival | 1. diHEP-DPA 2. Epimedium Extract 3. Azithromycin polymeric prodrug nanoparticles modified by CDl63 monoclonal antibody |
CD204 | M2 | tumor promoting | CD204is involved in tumor phagocytosis processes and reactive oxygen species production, and CD204-positive M2 macrophages increase cancer cell migration | 1. Vitamin D3 2. Leiogangenoside |
FOLR2 | M2 | antitumor | FOLR2 macrophages in tumors are often tissue-resident macrophages; FOLR2 macrophages are able to interact with CD8+ T cells to provide energy to CD8+ T cells and accelerate the induction of apoptosis in tumor cells, positively associated with T-cell infiltration and better prognosis | |
CD44 | M1/M2 | tumor promoting | CD44 is associated with lymph node metastasis and protein digestion and uptake, and promotes the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. | 1. Combination therapy with celecoxib and epirubicin 2. Hyaluronic acid-modified metastases loaded with chlorogenic acid (CHA) |
