Fig. 1
From: Multiple sclerosis: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention
The interplay of genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors in multiple sclerosis risk. Multiple sclerosis (MS) risk is influenced by the interaction of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposure, and epigenetic modifications. This Venn diagram illustrates how these three factors overlap, with MS emerging at their intersection. Genetics (pink) contributes to inherited susceptibility, with variations in immune-related genes playing a key role. Environmental factors (blue), such as infections, vitamin D levels, and smoking, can affect disease risk. Epigenetics (green) represents the dynamic regulatory mechanisms that mediate the effects of the environment on gene expression, shaping immune responses and disease progression. The surrounding bubbles represent the contributions of individual factors and their interplay, emphasizing the multifactorial nature of MS pathogenesis. Created in https://BioRender.com
