Fig. 1
From: TGF-β1-triggered maladaptive bone marrow endothelium impedes hematopoietic recovery

TGF-β1 activation induces bone marrow endothelial cell damage. Cultivated BM ECs from HDs subjects were incubated with varying concentrations of TGF-β1. The cells were collected for analyses of migration (a, b) and tube formation (c, d) (N = 6 per group, n = 3 per sample). e BM ECs cultivated from HDs were exposed to an siRNA aimed at TGF-βRI for 48 h, and the transfection efficiency was validated by qPCR (N = 3 per group, n = 1 per sample). f The percentages of apoptotic cultured BM ECs from HDs subjected to the indicated treatments were analyzed through flow cytometry (N = 6 per group, n = 1 per sample). g The ROS levels of the cultivated BM ECs of HDs subjected to the indicated treatments were analyzed through flow cytometry (N = 6 per group, n = 1 per sample). h Representative images (left; scale bars, 50 μm) and quantification (right) of migrated BM ECs in the indicated groups (N = 6 per group, n = 3 per sample). i Representative images (left; scale bars, 200 μm) and corresponding quantification (right) of tube formation (N = 6 per group, n = 3 per sample). j In the mentioned groups, BM ECs cultured from HDs were cocultured with CD34+ cells for a duration of 5 days to evaluate the colony-forming efficiency of CD34⁺ cells (CFU-E, BFU-E, CFU-GM, and CFU-GEMM; N = 6 per group, n = 3 per sample). N represents biological replicates; n represents technical replicates. The data are presented as the means ± SEMs. Statistical analyses were performed using paired t test. BM bone marrow, BFU-E burst-forming unit-erythroid, BM bone marrow, CFU colony-forming unit, CFU-E colony-forming unit-erythroid, CFU-GEMM colony-forming unit-granulocyte, erythroid, macrophage and megakaryocyte, CFU-GM colony-forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage, EC endothelial cells, HD healthy donor, ROS reactive oxygen species, SEM standard error of the mean