Fig. 7
From: TGF-β1-triggered maladaptive bone marrow endothelium impedes hematopoietic recovery

Clinical assessment of luspatercept in patients with poor hematopoietic reconstitution posttransplantation. a Study flowchart. Achievement of improved ANC (b) and PLT (c) at C1D20. d-f The baseline values were defined as the levels of Hb, ANC, and PLT before the first dose of luspatercept. Mean changes from baseline in the PB, including the levels of Hb (d), ANC (e), and PLT (f). With regard to the primary endpoint, the left panels show the mean change levels of Hb, ANC, and PLT over time between the R group and the NR group. The middle and right panels show the levels of Hb, ANC, and PLT before and after luspatercept treatment in the R group and the NR group. Paired t test was performed to compare the changes before and after treatment. Analysis visits are shown according to cycle (C) and day (D). The bars indicate the standard error. g Schematic illustration of TGF-β1-triggered maladaptive BM endothelium impeding hematopoietic recovery. Briefly, TGF-β1 drives BM EC maladaptation, thereby altering the secretome and impairing vascular repair and hematopoietic support. The inhibition of TGF-β1 reverses maladaptive ECs and enhances multilineage hematopoiesis recovery in post-HSCT patients. BL baseline, Hb hemoglobin, HSCT hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, RBC red blood cell, Hb hemoglobin, HI-E hematological improvement-erythroid, HI-P hematological improvement-platelet, HI-N hematological improvement-neutrophil, WBC white blood cell, ANC absolute neutrophil count, PLT platelet, R responder, NR non-responder