Fig. 4

Comparative analysis of immune cell composition and pathway dysregulation between high-IOP and normal-IOP POAG patients. a UMAP plots showing the distribution of major immune cell populations in POAG patients with high intraocular pressure (IOP) and normal IOP. b Box plots comparing the proportions of major immune cell types (CD4⁺ T cells, CD8⁺ T cells, NK cells, B cells, and myeloid cells) between high-IOP and normal-IOP POAG patients. P values are indicated for each comparison. c Bar plot showing the number of significantly upregulated (red) and downregulated (blue) pathways (KEGG and Reactome) in each immune cell subtype when high-IOP and normal-IOP POAG patients were compared. d Heatmap summarizing the overall pathway activity score (−log10 adjusted P value, up- or down-) for each major immune cell subtype in high-IOP patients versus normal-IOP POAG patients by PAGA analysis. e Heatmap of significantly upregulated KEGG pathways (rows) across immune cell subtypes (columns) in high-IOP versus normal-IOP POAG patients. The color intensity reflects the significance and direction of change. f Heatmap of significantly downregulated KEGG pathways (rows) across immune cell subtypes (columns) in high-IOP versus normal-IOP POAG patients. g PAGA network showing the relationships and pathway activity changes among immune cell subtypes in high-IOP versus normal-IOP POAG patients. Node color indicates up- (red) or downregulation (green) of pathway activity