Table 2 GRADE confidence ratings [10, 24] for the evidence used to formulate the guideline recommendations [28] (i.e., the range of exercise durations, frequencies and intensities associated with significant improvements in an outcome)

	Combined upper-body aerobic plus strength exercise^a		Upper-body aerobic exercise only^b
Outcome [3]	Adults of any age with chronic SCI and AIS A-D	Young and middle-aged adults with chronic SCI and AIS A-D	Adults of any age with chronic SCI and AIS A-D	Young and middle-aged adults with chronic SCI and AIS A-B	Young and middle-aged adults with chronic SCI and AIS C-D
Fitness
Cardiorespiratory fitness	Low	Moderate	Low	Moderate	Low
Power output	Low	Moderate	Insufficient evidence	Insufficient evidence	Insufficient evidence
Muscle strength	Low	Moderate	Low	Moderate	Moderate
Cardiometabolic health
Body composition	Insufficient evidence	Insufficient evidence	Low	Moderate	Low
Cardiovascular risk	Insufficient evidence	Insufficient evidence	Low	Moderate	Low

AIS American spinal injury association impairment scale, GRADE grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation [7,32], SCI spinal cord injury
^aGuideline recommendation from the systematic review: 2–3 sessions per week of moderate to vigorous intensity upper-body aerobic exercise for 20–30 min (cardiorespiratory fitness) or 20–40 min (power output and muscle strength) combined with upper-body strength exercise (3 sets of 10 repetitions, at 50–80% 1RM for all large muscle groups). See Table 3 and table e-10 of the systematic review for more details [28]
^bGuideline recommendation from the systematic review: 3–5 sessions per week of moderate to vigorous intensity upper-body aerobic exercise for 20–44 min (cardiorespiratory fitness) or 30–44 min (muscle strength, body composition and cardiovascular risk). See Table 4 and table e-11 of the systematic review for more details [28]

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