Fig. 1: The ICF disability and health framework and self-reported QoL: main path model, and the estimated total effect of each explanatory factor on QoL.

Estimated total effects are expressed as the effect of 1 SD of change in a continuous variable, or the presence of a categorical factor, on SDs of change in QoL. Effects in bold indicate p < 0.01, italics indicate p < 0.05, neither bold nor italic indicates p ≥ 0.05. QoL quality of life, m-SCIM-SR modified version of spinal cord independence measure—self-report, SHC secondary health conditions, NEFI-S Nottwil environmental factor index, self-WC use of self-propelled manual wheelchair, e-WC use of electric or assisted wheelchair.