Table 1 Summary of the results of studies on HL in people with SCI.
From: Health literacy of people with spinal cord injury: a systematic review
Author year | Location language | Objectives | Sample profile | Instruments, results and associations related to HL |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Hahn et al. [22] Health and Functional Literacy in Physical Rehabilitation Patients -2017 | - Two academic medical centers and a rehabilitation hospital in the Midwest of the United States (Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, University of Michigan Washington University in St. Louis) -English | - To describe the levels of HL in people with stroke, SCI and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) -To evaluate associations between HL, cognitive function and education, mobility, anxiety, and health status. | -209 individuals with traumatic SCI, most male (78%), mean age 43 years, white (60%), married (36%), about 1/3 of each group had high school or higher education, mean time of injury of 12 years. | - The group with SCI had higher HL levels (Health LiTT = 58.1) compared to patients with CVA (Health LiTT = 53.6) and TBI (Health LiTT = 57.8) -Adequate HL was observed, and it was correlated with better cognition, mobility, less anxiety and better self-reports of general health. |
Hogan et al. [21] Health Information Seeking and Technology Use Among Veterans with Spinal Cord Injuries and Disorders - 2016 | -Veterans Rehabilitation Center (VA Medical Centers), located in Washington -English | - To characterize the search for health information among veterans with SCI. -To examine association between use of technology, self-reported health status and HL in veterans with SCI. | -290 people with SCI, mostly male (97.2%), under 65 years of age (71.0%), white (71.7%), married (58.6%), injury time of less than 10 years. | - Overall average eHEALS score was 27.3, which corresponded to reasonable levels of HL. -Veterans who reported good or excellent health status scored higher on the HL assessment. -There were no associations of HL with the use of technologies. |
Johnston et al. [25] Health Literacy, Morbidity, and Quality of Life Among Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury -2005 | -Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation, New Jersey -English | - To describe the levels of HL in health in the SCI and investigate their possible associations with educational levels, morbidity, QoL, functional independence, community participation and satisfaction with life. | -107 participants with SCI, male predominance (82.2%), mean age of 39 years, white (66%), single (65.4%), higher education (29%), mean time of injury of 8.7 years. | - HL adequate in TOFHLA (86%). -Better HL result was related to better education, lower physical morbidity, and better life satisfaction. |
Myaskovsky et al. [23] The association of Race, Cultural Factors, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Persons with Spinal Cord Injury -2011 | -Six specialized rehabilitation centers in SCI, the United States of America (USA) -English | -To examine the association between HL, racial and cultural factors, QoL, social participation, life satisfaction, perception of health status in people with SCI. | -252 people with SCI, most of them male (76.2%), under 50 years of age, 156 white and 96 black, most of them married (35.7%), higher education (36.9%), mean injury time of 12 years | - REALM showed a lower HL among African Americans (6.95 ± 1.47) compared to whites (7.63 ± 1.18), and an association between HL and race can be observed. -African Americans also reported more experiences of discrimination in health care, greater perceived racism, and distrust of the health care system. |
Sertkaya, et al. [24] Investigation of health literacy level and its effect on quality of life in patients with spinal cord injury -2021 | -Research Hospital, Education in Physical Medicine, and Rehabilitation of Turkey -English | -To determine the level of HL in patients with SCI and its relationship with QoL. | -77 individuals with SCI, 53 males (68.8%), mean age of 37.3 years, married (62.3%), with length of study in years, between zero and eight (59.7%), and duration of injury less or equal to 1 year. | -The HLS-TR evaluated the level of HL as inadequate in 32.5%, problematic-limited in 40.3%, sufficient in 19.5% and excellent in 7.8% of patients. -Better results for the domains vitality and mental health in the QoL assessment were associated with better levels of HL. |
