Fig. 4: Iron-independent transcriptional activation of novel genes involved in actinorhodin production during coculture.

a A violin and box plot shows the distribution of mRNA expression fold change between coculture and pure-culture conditions according to growth. Box limits, whiskers, center lines indicate 1st and 3rd quartiles, 10 and 90 percentiles, and median of the distribution, respectively. Black closed circled indicates the expression level of SCO6666 gene. b RNA expression pattern of the SCO6666 gene under various culture conditions. c Differential expression pattern of actinorhodin BGC under various culture conditions. d Schematic of the CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout and PCR evaluation of the SCO6666 gene knockout. e Phenotype of SCO6666 deletion strains under coculture conditions. f Phenotype of the SCO6666-overexpressing strain under pure-culture conditions. WT wild-type, Sco S. coelicolor, Mx M. xanthus, ΔSCO6666 SCO6666-deleted S. coelicolor, PSCO1797 – SCO6666 SCO6666-overexpressing strain with the SCO1797 promoter, CTT pure pure-cultured in CTT solid medium, CTT co cocultured in CTT solid medium, CTT IR pure-cultured in iron-restricted CTT solid medium, R5(−) pure pure-cultured in R5(−) solid medium.