Fig. 5: Natural diets of the HMA sponge Aplysina aerophoba and LMA sponge Dysidea avara. | The ISME Journal

Fig. 5: Natural diets of the HMA sponge Aplysina aerophoba and LMA sponge Dysidea avara.

From: Heterotrophy in the earliest gut: a single-cell view of heterotrophic carbon and nitrogen assimilation in sponge-microbe symbioses

Fig. 5

a Carbon removal rate (DOC + POC) determined from in situ measurements of the seawater inhaled and exhaled by the sponges using the VacuSIP technique. b Pumping rates of HMA and LMA sponges. c Total uptake rate with carbon removal normalized to pumping rate. d Percent contribution of host sponge cells and symbiont microbes to total heterotrophic diet. Symbiont microbes accounted for 58.6% of the total C (DOC + POC) taken up by the HMA sponge, but <1% in the LMA sponge. A. aerophoba data n = 10. D. avara feeding data from [22] (n = 6) and pumping data from [7] (n = 10). DOC dissolved organic carbon, POC particulate organic carbon. *indicates significant difference between the HMA and LMA sponge (P(perm) < 0.05).

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