Fig. 1: Biphenyl biodegradation potential in the four contaminated soils.

a–b Relative abundance of major microbial lineages in each soil (a) and in the corresponding biphenyl-degrading enrichment cultures (b). c Growth curves of the biphenyl-degrading enrichment cultures when amended with biphenyl (filled circles), vs. control incubations (without biphenyl, open circles). Cultures A and C formed large flocs after 24 h of incubation, which led to high OD scattering. d Evolution of 13CO2 in the headspace of soil microcosms incubated with 13C-biphenyl. The last three times points of soil B and D were replotted as an inset to show the mineralization of 13C-biphenyl. Duplicate assays were done for each soil type. For soil A, only one of the replicates was active.