Fig. 7: Reported rates of coral-associated N2 fixation standardized to µg N cm−2 d−1.

N2 fixation rates are split into a >0.25 µg N cm−2 d−1, b <0.25 µg N cm−2 d−1 [7,8,9,10,11,12, 14,15,16, 19,20,21, 23, 24, 33, 47, 78, 109, 114, 115]. The acetylene reduction assay (ARA) measures gross rates of N2 fixation in the entire coral holobiont. Studies using isotopic labeling (15N2) measure net assimilation of fixed nitrogen (N) in the specific tissue compartment analyzed (i.e., m, h, sy, b, f, se). All ARA results were multiplied by 2/3 to convert from moles of C2H4 to moles of N. Hourly rates were standardized to daily rates. Natural and experimentally manipulated rates are reported separately. (‡) measurements are of bleached coral, and (+) measurements are from experiments with manipulated N, P, or C nutrient concentrations.