Fig. 4: Associations between differentially abundant fecal metabolites and differentially abundant species.

By analyzing the fecal metabolomic and gut metabolomic profiles of 264 IBS and 66 HC from the discovery cohort, we identified 113 differentially abundant fecal metabolites (including 21 metabolites that were structurally identified) and 33 differentially abundant species. a The heatmap shows the associations between 33 differentially abundant species and 113 differentially abundant fecal metabolites (including 21 structurally known metabolites). b The barplot illustrates associations between dihydropteroic acid and 33 differentially abundant species. Each row represents one differentially abundant species. The left panel shows the absolute values of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients in the discovery cohort, while the right panel shows corresponding q values in IBS patients and p-value in healthy controls. c−e Shown are the top 3 differentially abundant species (Ruminococcus gnavus, Odoribacter splanchnicus, and Escherichia coli) and their Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients with dihydropteroic acid.