Fig. 3: Potential factors shaping ARGs in the studied mine sites.

A–C. Scatterplots of the fecal marker gene (φB124-14 phage and crAssPhage) abundances versus the total ARG abundances. Regression lines, r and p values are not shown because correlations were not significant (p > 0.05). Correlations were calculated based on log-transformed abundances. D–F. Pearson correlations between the total metal resistant gene (MRG) abundances and the total ARG abundances. All gene abundances are expressed as coverage normalized to data size (×/Gb). G and H. Variations of ARG abundances explained by environmental factors in the China-T (G) and SChina-S dataset (H). VPA is short for variation partitioning analysis. Statistical significance for each part of variation explained was checked using ANOVA test with 999 permutations. *: p < 0.05; ***: p < 0.001. Detailed information on environmental variables is presented in Tables S3 and S4. VPA was not performed for the Global-A dataset due to the lack of relevant data.