Fig. 2: Non-linear age-dependent sNSE levels in men and women

Women show constant low sNSE levels in younger years and increasing levels in higher ages, whereas men show increasing sNSE levels in young adulthood and a decrease in older ages. About an age of 60 years, sNSE values are similar in men and women. Sex-specific differences in the hormonal balance may serve as explanatory approach. After menopause, women have both lower levels of estradiol and testosterone. The missing estradiol-mediated neuroprotective effects may result in increased neural death, showing in increased sNSE levels. sNSE in µg/L