Table 1 Dual role of angiogenic molecules secreted by Ctrl hiPSC derived NSC

Angiogenin

Wound healing; EC migration, invasion, proliferation, and formation of tubular structures⁴⁶

Neuroprotection trough astroglia⁴⁷

Ang-1

Vessel stabilization; EC differentiation; neovascularization^59,60

Neuroprotection; neurogenesis.⁶¹

Ang-2

Vascular destabilization; angiogenesis⁵⁹

Cortical neurogenesis; radial glia migration⁶²

DPP IV

Vascular remodeling; Y2/Y5-mediated angiogenesis⁶³

Post-stroke repairing⁶⁴

Endothelin-1

EC and VSM proliferation⁶⁵

Neuronal communication⁶⁶

IGFBP-2

EC production and secretion of VEGFA⁵³

Neurogenesis⁶⁷

IGFBP-3

EC survival⁵⁵

Inhibition of NPC proliferation⁶⁸

IL-8

EC survival; differentiation⁶⁹

NSC death; chemotaxis⁷⁰

MCP-1

Chemotaxis; VSM recruitment⁷¹

NSC migration⁷²

PDGF-AA

Promotion of VEGFA expression⁵¹

NPC differentiation into oligo-lineage⁷³

PlGF

Regulation of pathological angiogenesis⁷⁴

Neuroprotection; V-SVZ proliferation^75,76

Prolactin

Pro- or anti-angiogenesis activity depending on isoforms⁷⁷

Neurogenesis; neuroprotection⁷⁸

uPA

Promotion of vascular permeability; EC proliferation and migration⁵²

Neuronal migration; neuritogenesis; neuroprotection after injury⁷⁹

VEGFA

EC survival, proliferation and migration; induction of blood vessel growth⁸⁰

Neurogenesis; NSC recruitment^81,82

Endostatin

Inhibition of EC proliferation⁵⁶

Inhibition of neurite outgrowth and neuronal migration⁸³

PTX3

Antagonism of FGF2 signaling⁸⁴

Neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia⁸⁵

PAI-1

Inhibition of uPA. Inhibition EC migration⁸⁶

Neuron survival⁸⁷

PEDF

Inhibition of physiological and pathological angiogenesis⁸⁸

NSC renewal⁸⁹

TIMP-1

Inhibition of EC migration⁹⁰

Neurogenesis after ischemia⁹¹

TSP-1

Inhibition of EC migration, proliferation and survival⁹²

Maintenance of the adult NPC pool; neuronal differentiation⁹³