Fig. 4: Modafinil effects on control-related positive activation in locus coeruleus, ventral tegmental area and neocortical cognitive control network are impaired in schizophrenia group compared to healthy control group.

Contrast maps of SZ group minus HC group, for Control-related effect of Modafinil Treatment on activity within locus coeruleus (a), ventral tegmental area (b), and brain as a whole (c). Bar graph depicts mean betas (±s.d.) in statistically significant voxels for SZ (left) and HC (right) groups. Note that the SZ group, compared to the HC group, shows relatively impaired Treatment effects on control-related activity in both subcortical catecholamine brain regions as well as in various regions of the fronto-subcortical cognitive control network. See Supplemental Table 5 for characteristics of clusters meeting corrected threshold