Fig. 2: Schizophrenia-like behavior.

a Locomotor activity: movement of mice across emitter beams during a 5-min interval (WT male n = 22, HT male n = 23, KO male n = 23). b Behavioral stereotypy: numbers of rears and climbs during a 5-min interval (WT male n = 12, HT male n = 13, KO male n = 13). c Sensorimotor gating based on PPI: acoustic startle response was shown for the 100, 110 and 120 dB pulse-alone trials; and PPI = 100% × [(Pulse-alone trial − Prepulse-pulse trial)/Pulse-alone trial] in the 77–110, 77–120, and 83–110 dB prepulse-pulse trials (WT male n = 21, HT male n = 25, KO male n = 21). Three-chamber social behavior tests for assessment of d social affiliation: preference for container holding Stranger-1 mouse relative to an empty container; and e preference for social novelty: preference for container holding Stranger-2 mouse relative to container holding Familiar-1 mouse. In both parts (d) and (e), assessment was performed based on time as well as number of visitations (WT female n = 10, HT female n = 12, KO female n = 10). f Y-maze test: percentile time spent in, or entries into, novel arm was monitored to measure spatial-working memory (WT male n = 12, HT male n = 15, KO male n = 14). S represents the start-arm in the schematic, F the familiar arm, and N the novel arm. g Morris water maze: percentile time spent in, or entries into, the target quadrant was monitored to measure spatial-reference memory (WT male n = 10, HT male n = 11, KO male n = 12). T in the schematic represents target quadrant that had housed the submerged platform. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Newman–Keuls post-hoc test. WT is represented by green dots; HT by orange dots; and KO by red dots. Average y values ± SEM in the different plots are represented by horizontal bars. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001