Fig. 3: Assessment of the diagnostic perfomance of biomarker panel consisting of four metabolites (DOPN, GABA, Tyra, and Kyn).

a ROC analysis shows that these four neurometabolite signature discriminates 50 first-episode, antidepressant drug-naïve MDD subjects and 50 healthy controls, with an area under the curve(AUC) of 0.968 in cohort 1. b Using the four plasma metabolites to construct the PLS-DA model, a clear discrimination between MDD subjects and HC was observed. Independent validation showing that the plasma neurometabolite biomarker panel can effectively discriminate the 49 MDD subjects from 40 healthy controls (c, diagnosis) and from 30 BD subjects (d, differential diagnosis) with an AUC of 0.953 and 0.901, respectively, in cohort 2