Table 1 Gene set enrichment among genes showing differential DA response, differentially expressed in baseline or in DA-stimulated LCLs between SZ cases and controls (FDR < 5%)

From: Transcriptomic signatures of schizophrenia revealed by dopamine perturbation in an ex vivo model

Analysis

Gene group

Total

Adult brain

% (p-value)

PGC2 GWS

% (p-value)

SZ-CNV

% (p-value)

Stanley_DEG

% (p-value)

All genes

21,043

10,829

51.46%

297

1.41%

145

0.69%

407

1.93%

Regressing out known coavariates

Differential baseline expr

6581

4508

68.50% (3.7E-133)

113

1.72% (0.080)

36

0.55% (0.255)

174

2.64% (6.7E-04)

Differential expr with DA

4507

3065

68.01% (2.4E-60)

75

1.66% (0.042)

23

0.51% (0.222)

122

2.71% (3.7E-05)

Differential DA response

1455

1145

78.69% (3.2E-96)

25

1.72% (0.360)

14

0.96% (0.254)

50

3.44% (3.3E-04)

Regressing out known coavariates + top 5 PCs

Differential baseline expr

561

316

56.33% (0.023)

11

1.96% (0.275)

2

0.36% (0.596)

15

2.67% (0.210)

Differential expr with DA

542

301

55.54% (0.061)

8

1.48% (0.853)

3

0.55% (0.241)

7

1.29% (0.340)

Differential DA response

588

461

78.40% (2.4E-40)

15

2.55% (0.033)

5

0.85% (0.608)

23

3.91% (0.002)

  1. RNAseq data set is from 1204 LCLs (514 MGS SZ cases and 690 controls) in the absence (baseline) or presence of 100 μM DA (DA stimulated). Linear regression was used for the analyses, either regressing out known covariates or also regressing out the top 5 expression PCs (principal components). Differential DA response was computed on baseline and dopamine residuals. For gene set enrichment analysis, genes are classified as brain expressed (N = 14,295; ~81% of well-annotated genes) in adult brain51, genes with PGC2 SZ genome-wide significant (GWS) SNPs within 500 kb of the gene (N = 436), genes (N = 107) in the 17 SZ-risk CNVs55, and genes that are differentially expressed between SZ cases and controls of Stanley Array Collection of postmortem frontal cortex samples (Stanley_DEG; N = 863, p < 0.05). Two-sided Fisher’s Exact test is used to estimate the significance of enrichment (p-values were shown under the % of genes), and the ones shaded with gray were significant after multiple testing correction