Table 2 Studies on acid-sensitive channels in panic disorder patients

Study	Design	Country	Patients	Controls	Dominant ethnicity	Diagnostic criteria	Experiment	Candidate genes /RNA	SNP	Genotypes	Patients (%)	Controls (%)	p-value	Outcome
Gugliandolo et al.²⁹	Case control	Italy	71	100	Sicilian	SCID	TaqMan	ACCN2	rs685012	Allele C	64.7	47	0.030	PD was associated with the SNP rs685012
										Allele T	35.2	53
Leibold et al.³⁰	Case control	The Netherlands	183	107	Caucasian	MINI	TaqMan	ACCN2	rs10875995	Allele C	49.18	51.4	0.032	T allele of rs10875995 was associated with higher fear scores in PD
									rs685012	Allele T	50.81	48.59	0.061
										Allele C	49.7	52.33
										Allele T	88.5	47.66
Smoller et al.³¹	Case control	US	414	846	Caucasian	SCID	MassArray system	ACCN2	rs685012	Allele C	61.83	53.9	0.011	PD associated was associated with the SNPs rs685012 and rs10875995
										Allele T	39.13	45.8
									rs10875995	Allele C	58.68	51.88	0.46
										Allele T	41.30	48.10
Hettema et al.³²	Case control	US	188	188	Caucasian	SCID	TaqMan	ACCN2	rs685012	Allele C	34.5	89.3	0.077	No significant associations were found
										Allele T	6.54	10.6
Gregersen et al.³³	Case control	Denmark	305	969	Caucasian	ICD-10	Sequenom platform	ACCN1	rs9915774	Allele A	12	17	0.006	A nominally significant allelic association was observed between PD and rs9915774
										Allele G	88	83
Strawn et al.³⁴	Case control	US	15	17	Caucasian	SCID	TaqMan	TDAG8 mRNA		NA	NA	NA	0.008	Higher expression of TDAG8 mRNA in PD

SCID structured clinical interview for DSM, MINI mini international neuropsychiatric interview, ICD-10 international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems 10th revision, SNP single nucleotide polymorphism, ACCN2 amiloride-sensitive cation channel 2, ACCN1 amiloride-sensitive cation channel 1, TDAG8 G protein-coupled receptor T-cell death-associated gene 8, NA not available

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