Table 1 Participant and semen sample characteristics by experience of childhood abuse (N = 34)
From: Exposure to childhood abuse is associated with human sperm DNA methylation
Experience of childhood abuse | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
None | Medium | High | ||
(N = 12) | (N = 5) | (N = 17) | ||
Covariates | ||||
Age, years | Mean (range) | 26.3 (24 –28) | 25.4 (23–27) | 25.2 (23–29) |
Race/ethnicity | ||||
White | % (N) | 91.7 (11) | 100.0 (5) | 88.2 (15) |
Nonwhite | % (N) | 8.3 (1) | 0.0 (0) | 11.8 (2) |
Maternal ancestry | ||||
Scandinavian | % (N) | 0 (0) | 20.0 (1) | 11.8 (2) |
Southern European | % (N) | 41.7 (5) | 20.0 (1) | 17.7 (3) |
Other Caucasian | % (N) | 83.3 (10) | 60.0 (3) | 70.6 (12) |
Hispanic | % (N) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5.9 (1) |
Childhood socioeconomic status | Mean (SD) | 7.3 (1.5) | 7.6 (1.5) | 7.0 (1.9) |
Semen volume, ml | Mean (SD) | 2.5 (1.3) | 3.9 (1.7) | 2.7 (1.8) |
Sperm concentration, M/ml | Mean (SD) | 56.1 (26.8) | 56.2 (18.7) | 53.1 (29.4) |
Normal sperm morphology | % (SD) | 7.8 (3.5) | 7.8 (5.5) | 6.5 (2.9) |
Collection time, morning | % (N) | 91.7 (11) | 60.0 (3) | 64.7 (11) |
Abstinence time, hours | Mean (SD) | 92.8 (17.6) | 97.4 (21.6) | 83.0 (11.7) |
Hypothesized mediators | ||||
Smoking | ||||
Current | % (N) | 8.3 (1) | 0 (0) | 23.5 (4) |
Past | % (N) | 16.7 (2) | 20.0 (1) | 5.9 (1) |
BMI | Mean (SD) | 24.0 (3.2) | 24.1 (2.9) | 24.3 (4.7) |
Depressive symptoms | Mean (SD) | 5.7 (4.7) | 5.5 (5.6) | 7.7 (5.0) |
Posttraumatic stress symptoms | Mean (SD) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.5) | 2.0 (1.2) |
Traumatic events | Mean (SD) | 0.2 (0.4) | 1.6 (1.5) | 1.4 (1.7) |
