Fig. 1 | Translational Psychiatry

Fig. 1

From: Reward and aversion processing in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder: functional neuroimaging with visual and thermal stimuli

Fig. 1

Imaging and data analytic protocol. Pain responses were probed by heat stimuli to the dorsum of the left hand delivered with a 3 × 3 cm contact thermode (TSA-II, Medoc Advanced Medical Systems). The thermode had a baseline temperature of 32 °C, and was rapidly heated (temperature rise = + 4 °C/s) to 42, 44 or 46 °C. The target temperature was maintained for 20 s and then returned to baseline (−4 °C/s) to end the stimulus event. Every subject received a total of nine thermal stimuli, three at each temperature, with an interstimulus interval of 30 s. To identify brain regions that differed between PTSD and healthy subjects, we contrasted 46 and 44 °C evoked responses to 42 °C. IAPS images data comparison was performed in an analogous fashion i.e., positive images minus neutral images and negative images minus neutral images. Both comparisons were calculated for each group (patients and controls) and for between group differences

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