Table 1 Characteristics of the CARDIA-MRI sample by smoking status at Year 25
From: Cigarette smoking and gray matter brain volumes in middle age adults: the CARDIA Brain MRI sub-study
Mean (SD) or n (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Never-smoker n = 362 | Former-smokers n = 219 | Current smokers n = 117 | |
Age at MRI | 50.18 (3.61) | 50.82 (3.27) | 49.63 (3.57)* |
Gender (Women) | 189 (52.2%) | 120 (54.8%) | 57 (48.7%) |
Race (Black) | 143 (39.5%) | 68 (31.1%) | 68 (58.1%)* |
Educational attainment ( ≤ high school) | 48 (13.3%) | 52 (23.7%) | 49 (41.9%)* |
Self-reported history of vascular disease | 42 (11.6%) | 28 (12.8%) | 19 (16.2%) |
Hypertension | 97 (26.8%) | 76 (34.7%) | 56 (47.9%)* |
Diabetes | 35 (9.7%) | 22 (10.0%) | 16 (13.9%) |
Body mass index | 28.68 (5.59) | 28.86 (5.97) | 29.28 (5.80) |
High cholesterol | 72 (19.9%) | 49 (22.4%) | 25 (21.4%) |
History of respiratory illnesses | 51 (14.1%) | 42 (19.2%) | 33 (28.2%)* |
Forced expiratory volume (FEV1)a | 3.12 (0.79) | 3.15 (0.77) | 2.96 (0.73) |
Alcohol consumption | |||
Non-user | 159 (43.1%) | 92 (41.6%) | 38 (33.0%) |
Low-risk alcohol use | 167 (46.1%) | 85 (38.8%) | 42 (35.9%) |
High-risk alcohol use | 39 (10.77%) | 42 (19.2%) | 37 (31.6%)* |
History of illicit drug use | 223 (61.60%) | 196 (89.5%) | 100 (85.5%)* |
Depressive symptoms (CES-D) | 8.01 (6.80) | 8.73 (6.90) | 11.41 (8.36)* |
