Table 3 Brain gray matter volume across alcohol and smoking groups in the CARDIA brain MRI cohort

From: Cigarette smoking and gray matter brain volumes in middle age adults: the CARDIA Brain MRI sub-study

 

Alcohol non-users

Light-risk alcohol users

High-risk alcohol users

n

Betaa (95% CI)

Meanb (SE)

n

Betaa (95% CI)

Meanb (SE)

n

Betaa (95% CI)

Meanb (SE)

Never-smokers

156

Ref.

518.44 (1.85)

167

Ref.

520.26 (1.72)

39

Ref.

516.02 (3.54)

Former-smokers

92

−2.32 (−8.79, 4.15)

516.36 (2.38)

85

−0.38 (−6.39, 5.62)

519.69 (2.38)

42

−6.52 (−15.92, 2.88)

512.04 (3.33)

Current smokers

38

3.28 (−5.53, 12.09)

520.50 (3.83)

42

−11.65 (−23.05, −0.26)

511.85 (3.49)

37

−11.11 (−19.60, −2.63)

506.96 (3.91)

  1. aCoefficients and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI)
  2. badjusted means and standard errors (SE) estimated using fully-adjusted linear regression models including age, sex, education, race, study center, total intracranial volume, hypertension, diabetes, history of vascular disorders, BMI, high cholesterol, respiratory illness, FEV1, depressive symptoms, and illicit drug use
  3. bAdjusted means and standard errors
  4. Bold values: We were highlighting the statistically significant results