Fig. 1: Antidepressants alter diversity of gut microbiota.

a Experimental design of the study examining antidepressant effects on gut microbiota. b, c Measures of alpha diversity. All antidepressants, except desipramine, reduced richness of microbial communities (PD whole tree is shown) (b), but there was no changes in the evenness (Gini coeficient is shown) (c). d–f Evaluations of beta diversity. Bacterial communities of mice treated with antidepressants displayed higher unweighted UniFrac distances in comparison with controls (d) and microbial communities of control group were more similar to each other than to the communities of antidepressant treated mice (e). Unweighted UniFrac-based principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) plot used to visualize microbial communities of all antidepressant treated and control mice (the percentage of variation explained by the principal coordinates is indicated on the axes) (f). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, FDR corrected, nonparametric t-tests with 999 Monte Carlo permutations in comparison to control group; n = 9 (control), n = 11 (flu), n = 12 (esc), n = 12 (ven), n = 11 (dul), n = 12 (des), animals per group; data represent mean ± SEM. flu fluoxetine, esc escitalopram, ven venlafaxine, dull duloxetine, des desipramine