Table 3 Summary of included studies.
From: The association between antibodies to neurotropic pathogens and bipolar disorder
Pathogen | Author | Year | Country (ethnicity) | Patients | Controls | Technique | Age patients (mean (SD), years) | Age controls (mean (SD), years) | Gender patients (male, N (%) | Gender controls (male, N (%) | Seropositive patients positive, N (%) | Seropositive controls positive, N (%) | Significant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CMV | Avramopoulos | 2015 | US (Jewish) | 489 | 362 | ELISA | 43.3 (18.0) | 57.9 (12.2) | 235 (48.1) | 148 (40.9) | 157 (32.1) | 128 (35.3) | N |
Dickerson | 2004 | US | 117 | 100 | Solid phase immunoassay | 41.4 (12.2) | 36.0 (13.3) | 35 (30.0) | 25 (25.0) | 42 (35.9) | 17 (17) | Y | |
Gerber | 2012 | Germany | 30 | 20 | Solid phase immunoassay | 42.6 (NA) | 39.8 (NA) | 12 (40.0) | 7 (35.0) | 9 (30.0) | 5 (25.0) | N | |
Hamdani | 2017 | France | 138 | 180 | Solid phase immunoassay | 44.3 (13.3) | 40.1 (13.8) | (65 (47.1) | 98 (54.4) | 79 (57.2) | 119 (66.1) | N | |
Prossin | 2015 | US | 139 | 99 | Solid phase immunoassay | 39.0 (13.0) | 32 (14.0) | 52 (37.0) | 49 (49.0) | 77 (55.3) | 40 (40.4) | Y | |
Rizzo | 2013 | Brazil | 22 | 17 | Chemiluminescent enzyme immunometric assays | 44.62 (9.30) | 39.47 (12.89) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 20 (90.9) | 15 (88.2) | N | |
Snijders | Present study | The Netherlands (Dutch) | 760 | 132 | ELISA | 49.41 (12.37) | 49.45 (12.80) | 335 (44.1) | 74 (56.0) | 325 (42.7) | 52 (39.9) | N | |
Tanaka | 2017 | US | 32 | 32 | ELISA | 38.72 (7.46) | 38.16 (7.08) | 14 (43.8) | 14 (43.8) | 22 (68.8) | 22 (68.8) | N | |
Tedla | 2011 | Ethiopia | 199 | 80 | ELISA | 31.6 (NA) | 30.4 (NA) | 105 (52.8) | 53 (66.2) | 198 (99.5) | 80 (100.0) | N | |
HSV-1 | Avramopoulos | 2015 | US (Jewish) | 489 | 362 | ELISA | 43.3 (18.0) | 57.9 (12.2) | 235 (48.1) | 148 (40.9) | 178 (36.4) | 144 (39.8) | N |
Dickerson | 2004 | US | 117 | 100 | Solid phase immunoassay | 41.4 (12.2) | 36.0 (13.3) | 35 (30.0) | 25 (25.0) | 49 (41.9) | 46 (46.0) | N | |
Gerber | 2012 | Germany | 30 | 20 | Solid phase immunoassay | 42.6 (NA) | 39.8 (NA) | 12 (40.0) | 7 (35.0) | 16 (53.3) | 10 (50.0) | N | |
Hamdani | 2017 | France | 138 | 180 | Solid phase immunoassay | 44.3 (13.3) | 40.1 (13.8) | (65 (47.1) | 98 (54.4) | 87 (63.0) | 130 (72.2) | N | |
Snijders | Present study | The Netherlands (Dutch) | 760 | 132 | ELISA | 49.41 (12.37) | 49.45 (12.80) | 335 (44.1) | 74 (56.0) | 367 (48.2) | 58 (43.9) | N | |
Tanaka | 2017 | US | 32 | 32 | ELISA | 38.72 (7.46) | 38.16 (7.08) | 14 (43.8) | 14 (43.8) | 22 (68.8) | 18 (56.3) | N | |
Tedla | 2011 | Ethiopia | 199 | 80 | ELISA | 31.6 (NA) | 30.4 (NA) | 105 (52.8) | 53 (66.2) | 191 (96.0) | 80 (100.0) | N | |
HSV-2 | Dickerson | 2004 | US | 117 | 100 | Solid phase immunoassay | 41.4 (12.2) | 36.0 (13.3) | 35 (30.0) | 25 (25.0) | 35 (29.9) | 20 (20.0) | N |
Gerber | 2012 | Germany | 30 | 20 | Solid phase immunoassay | 42.6 (NA) | 39.8 (NA) | 12 (40.0) | 7 (35.0) | 4 (13.3) | 1 (5.0) | N | |
Hamdani | 2017 | France | 138 | 180 | Solid phase immunoassay | 44.3 (13.3) | 40.1 (13.8) | (65 (47.1) | 98 (54.4) | 33 (23.9) | 51 (28.3) | N | |
Snijders | Present study | The Netherlands (Dutch) | 760 | 132 | ELISA | 49.41 (12.37) | 49.45 (12.80) | 335 (44.1) | 74 (56.0) | 71 (9.3) | 10 (7.6) | N | |
Tedla | 2011 | Ethiopia | 199 | 80 | ELISA | 31.6 (NA) | 30.4 (NA) | 105 (52.8) | 53 (66.2) | 30 (15.1) | 8 (10.0) | N | |
T. gondii | Abdollahian | 2017 | Iran | 70 | 350 | ELISA | NA | 38.0 (13.2) | NA | 170 (48.5) | 33 (47.1) | 120 (34.3) | Y |
Avramopoulos | 2015 | US (Jewish) | 489 | 362 | ELISA | 43.3 (18.0) | 57.9 (12.2) | 235 (48.1) | 148 (40.9) | 57 (11.7) | 72 (19.9) | Y | |
Chen | 2019 | China | 115 | 681 | ECLIA | 37.6 (12.2) | 37.7 (0.53) | 56 (48.7) | 381 (55.9) | 22 (19.1) | 64 (9.4) | Y | |
Gerber | 2012 | Germany | 30 | 20 | Solid phase immunoassay | 42.6 (NA) | 39.8 (NA) | 12 (40.0) | 7 (35.0) | 4 (13.3) | 1 (5.0) | N | |
Hamdani | 2017 | France | 138 | 180 | Solid phase immunoassay | 44.3 (13.3) | 40.1 (13.8) | 65 (47.1) | 98 (54.4) | 103 (74.6) | 105 (58.3) | Y | |
Hinze-Selch | 2010 | Germany | 87 | 214 | Indirect immunofluorescence | 46.3 (14.0) | 38.9 (13.3) | NA | NA | 41 (47.1) | 86 (40.1) | N | |
Khadamavetan | 2013 | Iran | 117 | 200 | ELISA | 33.93 (11.9) | 33.88 (11.45) | 59 (50.4) | 96 (48.0) | 37 (31.6) | 53 (26.5) | N | |
Tanaka | 2017 | US | 32 | 32 | ELISA | 38.2 (7.1) | 38.7 (7.5) | 14 (43.8) | 14 (43.8) | 7 (21.8) | 6 (18.8) | N | |
Tedla | 2011 | Ethiopia | 171 | 71 | ELISA | 31.6 (NA) | 30.4 (NA) | 105 (52.8) | 53 (66.2) | 163 (95.3) | 62 (87.3) | Y | |
Snijders | Present study | The Netherlands (Dutch) | 760 | 132 | ELISA | 49.41 (12.37) | 49.45 (12.80) | 335 (44.1) | 74 (56.0) | 275 (36.2) | 48 (36.3) | N | |
Xiao | 2015 | China | 49 | 2634 | ELISA | NA | NA | NA | 1319 (50.0) | 5 (10.2) | 329 (12.5) | N | |
EBV | Dickerson | 2004 | US | 117 | 100 | Solid phase immunoassay | 41.4 (12.2) | 36.0 (13.3) | 35 (30.0) | 25 (25.0) | 89 (76.1) | 87 (87.0) | N |
Snijders | Present study | The Netherlands (Dutch) | 760 | 132 | ELISA | 49.41 (12.37) | 49.45 (12.80) | 335 (44.1) | 74 (56.0) | 480 (63.2) | 83 (62.9) | N |
