Table 1 Overview of the examined parameters and number of patients examined.

From: Cerebrospinal fluid, antineuronal autoantibody, EEG, and MRI findings from 992 patients with schizophreniform and affective psychosis

 

Parameters

Total N (Schizophreniform/affective syndrome)

Testing in Serum and CSF

Anti-thyroid antibodies

Antigens: TSHR, TPO, TG

Serum: 530 (274/256)

Established antineuronal IgG antibodies against different cell surface antigens

Antigens: NMDA-R, AMPA-1/2-R, GABAB-R, LGI1, CASPR2, DPPXa

Serum: 475 (216/259), CSF: 741 (359/382)

Testing for IgG anti-NMDAR and anti VGKC- complex antibodies (Prof. Vincent, Oxford, UK)

Antigens: NMDA-R, VGKC

Serum: 39 (29/10)b

“Tissue tests” (Prof. Prüss, Berlin, Germany)

Antineuronal Ab testing using indirect immune-fluorescence on unfixed murine brain tissue

Serum and CSF: 30 (16/14)

Established antineuronal IgG antibodies against different intracellular antigens

Antigens: Yo, Hu, CV2/CRMP5, Ri, Ma1/2, SOX1, GAD65, amphiphysin, Trc, Zic4c

Serum: 826 (405/421)

Established antineuronal IgG antibodies associated with demyelinating diseases

Antigens: MOG, AQP4

Serum: 102 (67/35)

Basic CSF analyses

White blood cell count, total protein, albumin quotient, IgG index, OCBs in serum/CSF

CSF overall: 992 (456/536);

[WBC: 982 (454/528), protein: 991 (455/536),

AQ: 989 (456/533), IgG Index: 989 (456/533),

OCBs in serum: 965 (449/516), OCB in CSF: 966 (449/517)]

Instrument-based diagnostics

EEG

Resting state, hyperventilation period

➢ Classification: Normal, continuous generalized slow activity, continuous regional slow activity, intermittent generalized slow activity, intermittent regional slow activity, epileptic pattern

954 (449/505), 803 (396/407)

MRI of the brain

T1/MPRAGE/DWI/FLAIR

➢ Classification: Normal, non-specific white matter changes (punctuate or patchy and/or confluent), gray matter changes (with special consideration of amygdalae, hippocampi, and other limbic structures), (post-) inflammatory lesions, atrophic changes (global or local), macroangiopathic vascular alterations, microhemorrhages, cysts, tumors, anatomical variants, and other changes

896 (418/478)

  1. CSF cerebrospinal fluid, WBC white blood cell, AQ albumin quotient, OCB oligoclonal bands, IgG immunoglobulin G, EEG electroencephalography, MRI magnetic resonance imaging. Ab antibody, AE autoimmune encephalitis, AMDP association for methodology and documentation in psychiatry, AMPA α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid, ANCOVA analysis of covariance, AP autoimmune psychosis, AQP4 aquaporin-4, BBB blood–brain-barrier, CASPR2 Contactin-associated protein-like 2, CGI clinical global impression, CRMP5 collapsin response mediator protein 5, DNER Delta/Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor, DPPX dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein-6, FDG-PET [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emissiontomography, FLAIR fluid attenuated inversion recovery, GABA γ-aminobutyric acid, GAD65 Glutamat-decarboxlase 65 kD, GAF global assessment of functioning, Hu Initials of first patient diagnosed, HV Hyperventilation, ICD International Classification of Diseases, Ig immunglobulin, IgLON5 Iglon family member 5, IRDAs/IRTA Intermittent generalized rhythmic delta/theta activity, LGI1 leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1, LP lumbar puncture, Ma1 Ma1-protein, Ma2 Ma2-protein, MOG myelin-oligodendrocytes-glycoprotein, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, NMDAR N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, OCBs oligoclonal bands, PNS paraneoplastic neurological syndromes, Ri Initials of first patient diagnosed, RIA radioimmunoassay, SOX1 Sry-like high mobility group box 1, TG thyroglobulin, TPO thyroid peroxidase, TR[DNER] Delta/Notch-likeEpidermal growth factor-related Receptor, TSHR thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, VGKC voltage-gated potassium channel, WBC white blood cell, WM white matter, Yo initials of first patient diagnosed, Zic4 Zinc-finger of the cerebellum protein 4.
  2. aAnti-DPPX antibodies have been analyzed since approximately September 2018 (in only 150 cases).
  3. bHere, the authors only describe earlier published findings14,24, no rare and unsystematically recorded new findings.
  4. cAnti-Tr- and anti-Zic4-antibodies have been analyzed since approximately August 2015 (in only 453 cases).
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