Table 3 Results of multiple linear regression analysis for age at onset and number of major depressive and manic episodes between four groups based on the number of adverse childhood experiences (none versus one versus two versus ≥ three types) and polygenic risk score (continuous variables).

Variables	Coefficient	SE	t	p
Age at onset^a
Groups based on the number of ACE	–1.48	0.60	–2.47	0.014^*
BD–PRS	–0.87	0.38	–2.32	0.02^*
Interaction	−4.09	0.64	−6.35	<0.001^**
Number of manic episodes^b
Groups based on the number of ACE	0.048	0.084	0.57	0.57
BD–PRS	−0.026	0.053	−0.50	0.62
Interaction	0.18	0.091	1.92	0.056
Number of depressive episodes^b
Groups based on the number of ACE	−0.15	0.13	−1.12	0.27
BD–PRS	−0.12	0.082	−1.48	0.14
Interaction	−0.018	0.14	−0.48	0.63

CLES childhood life events scale, ACE adverse childhood experience, PRS polygenic risk score, BD bipolar disorder.
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.001.
^aAge at inclusion and sex were included as covariates in the analyses for age at onset.
^bAge at inclusion, age at onset, and sex were included as covariates in the analyses for number of episodes.

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