Table 3 Association of socioeconomic and occupational factors and acute psychological effects among healthcare workers.

From: Acute psychological effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak among healthcare workers in China: a cross-sectional study

Variables

Total

Depression

Anxiety

PTSD

n

OR (95% CI)

p value

n

OR (95% CI)

p value

n

OR (95% CI)

p value

Socioeconomic factors

Gender

Male

332

36

Reference

 

71

Reference

 

21

Reference

 

Female

1565

249

1.56 (1.07, 2.26)

0.020

444

1.46 (1.10, 1.94)

0.010

164

1.73 (1.08, 2.78)

0.022

Age, years

18–25

327

53

Reference

 

92

Reference

 

35

Reference

 

–30

576

81

0.85 (0.58, 1.23)

0.384

142

0.84 (0.62, 1.14)

0.251

47

0.74 (0.47, 1.18)

0.202

–40

593

100

1.05 (0.73, 1.51)

0.798

179

1.10 (0.82, 1.49)

0.514

61

0.96 (0.62, 1.48)

0.843

>40

401

51

0.75 (0.50, 1.14)

0.182

102

0.87 (0.63, 1.21)

0.413

42

0.98 (0.61, 1.57)

0.920

Marital status

Unmarried

617

100

Reference

 

160

Reference

 

56

Reference

 

Marrieda

1280

185

0.87 (0.67, 1.14)

0.317

355

1.10 (0.88, 1.36)

0.408

129

1.12 (0.81, 1.56)

0.491

Education level

Undergraduate or less

1608

241

Reference

 

431

Reference

 

163

Reference

 

Postgraduate or higher

289

44

1.02 (0.72, 1.44)

0.917

84

1.12 (0.85, 1.48)

0.426

22

0.73 (0.46, 1.16)

0.185

Location

Wuhan

939

161

Reference

 

311

Reference

 

116

Reference

 

Hubei except Wuhan

505

57

0.62 (0.45, 0.85)

0.003

99

0.49 (0.38, 0.64)

<0.001

37

0.56 (0.38, 0.83)

0.003

Other provinces

453

67

0.84 (0.62, 1.14)

0.266

105

0.61 (0.47, 0.79)

<0.001

32

0.54 (0.36, 0.81)

0.003

Occupational factors

Occupation

Doctor

563

77

Reference

 

133

Reference

 

39

Reference

 

Nurse

1334

208

1.17 (0.88, 1.55)

0.286

382

1.30 (1.03, 1.63)

0.025

146

1.65 (1.14, 2.39)

0.008

Technical title

Junior

1113

164

Reference

 

291

Reference

 

100

Reference

 

Intermediate

532

93

1.23 (0.93, 1.62)

0.152

170

1.33 (1.06, 1.66)

0.014

67

1.46 (1.05, 2.03)

0.024

Senior

252

28

0.72 (0.47, 1.11)

0.137

54

0.77 (0.55, 1.07)

0.120

18

0.78 (0.46, 1.31)

0.349

Type of hospital

Tertiary

1447

218

Reference

 

396

Reference

 

148

Reference

 

Secondary

450

67

0.99 (0.73, 1.33)

0.927

119

0.95 (0.75, 1.21)

0.701

37

0.79 (0.54, 1.15)

0.211

Working position

Second-line

1155

124

Reference

 

229

Reference

 

71

Reference

 

Frontline

742

161

2.43 (1.83, 3.22)

<0.001

286

2.54 (2.06, 3.12)

<0.001

114

2.77 (2.03, 3.79)

<0.001

Enough training for protection

Yes

1347

167

Reference

 

323

Reference

 

115

Reference

 

No

550

118

1.93 (1.49, 2.50)

<0.001

192

1.70 (1.37, 2.11)

<0.001

70

1.56 (1.14, 2.14)

0.006

Enough resources for protection

Yes

1494

203

Reference

 

377

Reference

 

138

Reference

 

No

403

82

1.63 (1.22, 2.16)

0.001

138

1.54 (1.22, 1.96)

<0.001

47

1.30 (0.91, 1.84)

0.146

Confidence in protection measures

Yes

1297

152

Reference

 

301

Reference

 

99

Reference

 

No

600

133

2.15 (1.66, 2.77)

<0.001

214

1.84 (1.49, 2.27)

<0.001

86

2.03 (1.49, 2.75)

<0.001

Worry about infection

Yes

1570

273

Reference

 

497

Reference

 

184

Reference

 

No

327

12

0.18 (0.10, 0.33)

<0.001

18

0.13 (0.08, 0.21)

<0.001

1

0.02 (0.003, 0.17)

<0.001

  1. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, PTSD post-traumatic stress disorder.
  2. aIncluding 17 widowed or divorced healthcare workers.
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