Fig. 3: Forest plot (effect size and 95% CI) of individual comparisons of animals receiving active vs. sham rTMS intervention on the helplessness profile for subgroup analyses based on rTMS frequency. | Translational Psychiatry

Fig. 3: Forest plot (effect size and 95% CI) of individual comparisons of animals receiving active vs. sham rTMS intervention on the helplessness profile for subgroup analyses based on rTMS frequency.

From: Recovering from depression with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies

Fig. 3

a high: >5 Hz; b low: <5 Hz (excluding = 5 Hz, i.e., Xue et al. 2019b, Sachdev et al. 2002b). Notes. Horizontal lines represent 95% CIs. The area of each square is proportional to the study weight in the analysis. The diamond represents pooled estimates from random-effects meta-analysis. Red line represents the overall effect. Studies with multiple experimental groups (i.e., exposed to rTMS intervention with a different number of pulses per intervention or a different intensity) are split in multiple lines (indicated by a, b, c, d); these were considered as independent comparisons in the meta-analysis after correcting the total number of control animals by dividing the number of animals in the control group by the number of intervention groups served. A: active rTMS intervention; S: sham rTMS intervention; SDM: standardized mean difference; SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval.

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