Fig. 5: Combined tDCS- and PVS-induced VEP plasticity (n = 38, PVS+/tDCS+).

A Checkerboard reversal VEP traces before (black) and averaged poststimulation VEPs (green) after 10 min of occipital anodal tDCS parallel to the presentation of a 10-min checkerboard reversal stimulation block. B Change in peak VEP amplitudes averaged after stimulation compared to baseline peak amplitude (horizontal line, mean). P1 and P1N1 increased significantly. C Mean peak amplitudes of C1, P1, and N1 VEP components over time +/− SE. Asterisk indicates significant post hoc contrast of baseline peak amplitude [B] compared to test peak amplitude. VEP visually evoked potential, PVS prolonged visual stimulation, tDCS transcranial direct current stimulation.