Fig. 2: Metabolite and biochemical pathway abnormalities in recurrent major depressive disorder in remission.

Females: A, C, E. Males: B, D, F. AB. Multivariate metabolomic discrimination of remitted recurrent major depressive disorder (rrMDD) from controls by partial least squares discriminant analysis. CD. Rank order of top 25 discriminating metabolites by variable importance in projection (VIP) scores. EF. Bubble impact plot of pathway alterations. G. Venn diagram of shared and gender-specific metabolites diagnostic for rrMDD. Red arrows indicate an increased, and black arrows indicate a decreased concentration was associated with rrMDD risk. VIP scores ≥1.5 were significant. rrMDD subjects n = 44 females, 23 males. Controls n = 40 females, 19 males.