Fig. 7: Effects of recombinant TGF-β1 in LPS model and LH model.
a Saline or LPS (0.5 mg/kg) was administered i.p. to mice. Saline or TGF-β1 was administered i.c.v. to LPS-treated mice 23 h after LPS injection. Locomotion and FST were performed 1 and 3 h after injection, respectively. b Locomotion (1 h, one-way ANOVA, F2,39 = 0.122, P = 0.122). c FST (3 h, one-way ANOVA, F2,39 = 3.124, P = 0.045). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. (n = 14). *P < 0.05. d Saline or LPS (0.5 mg/kg) was administered i.p. to mice. Saline or TGF-β1 was administered intranasally to LPS-treated mice 23 h after LPS injection. Locomotion and FST were performed 1 and 3 h after injection, respectively. e Locomotion (1 h, one-way ANOVA, F2,27 = 0.255, P = 0.777). f FST (3 h, one-way ANOVA, F2,27 = 5.180, P = 0.013). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. (n = 10). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. g Rats received inescapable electric stress shock (IES) treatments on 2 days (day 1 and day 2), passed a post-shock test (PS) on day 3 to select learned helplessness (LH) rats with depression-like phenotype. On day 4, vehicle or TGF-β1 was administered i.c.v. into LH rats. On day 8 (4 days after i.c.v. injection), conditioned avoidance (CA) tests to study the antidepressant effect was performed. h The failure number of TGF-β1 treated LH rats was significantly (P = 0.0259) lower than that of vehicle treated LH rats. i The escape latency of TGF-β1 treated LH rats was significantly (P = 0.0281) lower than that of vehicle treated LH rats. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. (vehicle: n = 5, TGF-β1: n = 6). *P < 0.05. FST forced swimming test, N.S. not significant.
