Table 1 Demographic data in active and sham groups.

Age (years)

51.9 ± 10.1

56.0 ± 7.3

2.9 (0.09)

55.5 ± 7.3

49.3 ± 10.2

5.1 (0.03)

Education (years)

7.9 ± 2.6

7.8 ± 1.8

0.01 (0.99)

7.9 ± 1.8

8.2 ± 2.3

0.1 (0.71)

Age of onset (years)

20.1 ± 2.4

21.1 ± 1.7

0.2 (0.86)

21.1 ± 1.8

20.7 ± 2.4

0.4 (0.55)

Duration of illness

31.3 ± 9.7

34.5 ± 6.9

2.4 (0.95)

34.3 ± 6.8

30.4 ± 0.5

2.1 (0.16)

Hospital time

6.3 ± 3.2

5.6 ± 3.1

0.4 (0.70)

5.3 ± 3.0

5.5 ± 2.6

0.04 (0.85)

 Clozapine

16

20

13

15

 Risperidone

5

7

3

4

 Olanzapine

3

0

3

0

 Chlorpromazine

2

1

2

1

 Sulpira

1

0

0

0

 Ziprasidone

1

0

0

0

DAD (mg)

413.9 ± 226.5

424.5 ± 288.3

1.2 (0.31)

420.4 ± 221.3

403.5 ± 227.6

1.6 (0.23)

PANSS total score

72.3 ± 12.9

79.9 ± 16.9

2.3 (0.10)

75.1 ± 14.9

71.2 ± 13.0

0.8 (0.38)

 P-subscore

11.3 ± 4.5

11.4 ± 3.6

0.3 (0.71)

10.7 ± 2.6

11.5 ± 4.8

0.5 (0.50)

 N-subscore

28.7 ± 6.7

31.9 ± 8.4

2.4 (0.10)

29.4 ± 7.4

27.4 ± 6.3

0.9 (0.35)

 G-subscore

32.3 ± 7.6

36.6 ± 8.7

2.4 (0.10)

34.9 ± 8.3

32.3 ± 7.7

1.2 (0.29)

RBANS total score

58.3 ± 12.1

61.5 ± 12.7

0.8 (0.37)

60.1 ± 12.5

64.1 ± 12.7

1.1 (0.31)

 Immediate memory

52.0 ± 12.9

50.1 ± 10.5

0.2 (0.83)

51.8 ± 10.9

53.9 ± 13.9

0.3 (0.59)

 Attention

70.8 ± 16.4

66.8 ± 13.5

0.5 (0.60)

67.6 ± 13.4

74.6 ± 14.8

2.5 (0.12)

 Visuospatial/ constructional

72.2 ± 17.2

69.9 ± 15.5

0.2 (0.85)

72.9 ± 14.8

74.9 ± 17.7

0.2 (0.70)

 Delayed memory

65.4 ± 20.1

64.2 ± 20.3

0.1 (0.96)

66.8 ± 20.1

68.8 ± 19.3

0.1 (0.75)

 Language

79.3 ± 15.2

74.4 ± 15.8

0.7 (0.48)

75.8 ± 15.6

80.1 ± 15.3

0.8 (0.38)