Table 1 Study characteristics.

From: Adjunctive metformin for antipsychotic-induced dyslipidemia: a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials

Study (country)

Number of patientsa

Blinding

Analyses

Trial duration (weeks)

Settingb (%)

Diagnosis (%)b

Diagnostic criteriab

Illness duration (yrs)

Mean ageb: yrs (range)

Sexb: Male (%)

Control-Group: Dose (mg/d): mean (range)

Intervention-Group: Dose (mg/d): mean (range)

Jadad score

Baptista et al.28 (Venezuela)

T: 40

C: 20

I: 20

DB

OC

14

Inpatients (100)

SCZ (NR), SzA (NR)

NR

30.7c

47.7 (NR)

59.5

OLA: Ø = 10 (FD)

OLA: Ø = 10 (FD)

MET: Ø = NR (850–1700)

4

Baptista et al.27 (Venezuela)

T: 80

C: 40

I: 40

DB

OC

12

In (75)-outpatients (25)

SCZ (95), BD (5)

DSM-IV

NR

44.1 (>18)

58.3

OLA: Ø = 10.3 (5–20)

OLA: Ø = 10.3 (5–20)

MET: Ø = NR (850–2550)

4

Carrizo et al.26 (Venezuela)

T: 61

C: 30

I: 31

DB

OC

14

Outpatients (100)

SCZ (94), SzD (2), BD-I (4)

DSM-IV

7.3c

38.9 (>18)

79.6

CLZ: Ø = 207.3 (NR)

CLZ: Ø = 180.3 (NR)

MET: Ø = NR (500–1000)

4

Chen et al.25 (China)

T: 55

C: 27

I: 28

DB

ITT

24

In (18)-outpatients (82)

SCZ (NR), SzA (NR)

DSM-IV

21d

41.6 (20–65)

50.9

CLZ: Ø = 282.4 (NR)

CLZ: Ø = 252.7 (NR)

MET: Ø = NR (1000–1500)

3

Chiu et al.19 (China)

T: 55

C: 18

I: 37

DB

ITT

12

NR

SCZ (NR), SzA (NR)

DSM-IV

24.8

45.6 (20–65)

43.6

CLZ: Ø = 261.5 (NR)

1.CLZ: Ø = 284.8 (NR)

1.MET: Ø = 500 (NR)

5

            

2.CLZ: Ø = 263.5 (NR)

2.MET: Ø = 1000 (NR)

 

Han et al.18 (China)

T: 120

C: 60

I: 60

DB

ITT

16

NR

SCZ (100)

DSM-IV-TR

4.5

43.7 (24–61)

54.2

OLA: Ø = NR (NR)

OLA: Ø = NR (NR)

MET: Ø = 1500 (NR)

3

Hebrani et al.21 (Iran)

T: 60

C: 30

I: 30

DB

OC

20

Inpatients (100)

SCZ (100)

DSM-IV-TR

20.2

46.5 (18–75)

45.9

CLZ: Ø = 145.6 (NR)

CLZ: Ø = 210.5 (NR)

MET: Ø = NR (500–1000)

4

Jarskog et al.24 (USA)

T: 148

C: 73

I: 75

DB

ITT

16

Outpatients (100)

SCZ (NR), SzA (NR)

DSM-IV

 ≥ 1 year

43.2 (18–65)

69.2

APse:: Ø = NR (NR)

APse: Ø = NR(NR)

MET: Ø = NR (1000–2000)

4

Rao et al.20 (China)

T: 145

C: 72

I: 73

DB

ITT

8

Inpatients (100)

SCZ (100)

ICD-10

5.5

36.2 (16–54)

53.1

RIS: Ø = NR (1–6)

RIS: Ø = NR (1–6)

MET: Ø = 1500 (FD)

3

Wu et al.6 2016-Study 1 (China)

T: 162

C: 84

I: 78

DB

OC

24

Outpatients (100)

SCZ (100)

DSM-IV

0.7 f

26.1 (18–40)

50.0

APse: Ø = NR (NR)

APse: Ø = NR (NR)

MET: Ø = NR (500–1000)

2

Wu et al.6 2016-Study 2 (China)

T: 39

C: 14

I: 25

DB

OC

24

Outpatients (100)

SCZ (100)

DSM-IV

0.8 f

25.5 (18–40)

0

APse: Ø = NR (NR)

APse: Ø = NR (NR)

MET: Ø = NR (500–1000)

5

Zhang23 (China)

T: 80

C: 40

I: 40

DB

ITT

10

Inpatients (100)

SCZ (100)

CCMD-3

1.7

29.8 (17–47)

51.3

OLA: Ø = NR (10–20)

OLA: Ø = NR (10–20)

MET: Ø = 1000 (FD)

4

Zhou et al.22 (China)

T: 170

C: 84

I: 86

DB

ITT

20

Inpatients (100)

SCZ (100)

ICD-10

0.5

28.0 (18–46)

55.3

RIS: Ø = NR (4–5)

RIS: Ø = NR (4–5)

MET: Ø = 750 (NR)

2

  1. Ø = mean.
  2. APs antipsychotics, BD bipolar disorder, BD-I type I bipolar disorder, C control, CCMD-3 China’s Mental Disorder Classification and Diagnosis Standard 3th edition, CLZ clozapine, DB double-blind, DSM-IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition, DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition, Text Revision, FD fixed dosage, I intervention, ICD-10 the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, ITT intent to treat, MET metformin, NR not report, OC observed cases, OLA olazapine, RCT randomized control trial, RIS risperidone, SCZ schizophrenia, SzA schizoaffective disorders, SzD schizophreniform disorder, T total, yrs years.
  3. aNumber of patients were based on randomly assignment.
  4. bAvailable data were extracted based on mean baseline value of each included trials.
  5. cIllness duration of treatment with antipsychotics.
  6. dAge at onset of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
  7. eDid not report the detailed use of APs.
  8. fDefined from the first symptom to the time of participation in the study.
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