Fig. 5: c-Fos expression induced by stimulation of unilaterally expressed Gq-DREADDs in the anterior insula.

Presented in a are the mean (±SEM) (n = 9) densities of c-Fos immunoreactive nuclei in ten brain regions selected on the basis of anatomical connectivity with the anterior insula. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between the ipsilateral and contralateral brain regions *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Panel b shows examples of c-Fos expression in the contralateral and ipsilateral regions from a representative subject. AntIns anterior insula, PosIns posterior insula, OFC orbitofrontal cortex, IL infralimbic cortex, PrL prelimbic cortex, AcbC nucleus accumbens core, AcbSh nucleus accumbens shell, MD mediodorsal thalamus, VM ventromedial thalamus, Ce central nucleus of amygdala, BLA basolateral amygdala.