Table 2 Sensitivity analysis using credibility ceilings for the meta-analyses investigating the associations between biomarkers and Alzheimer disease, autism, bipolar disorder, depression, first episode psychosis, schizophrenia.
From: Evidence-based umbrella review of 162 peripheral biomarkers for major mental disorders
Biomarker | Credibility ceiling 10% | Credibility ceiling 20% | Credibility ceiling 30% |
|---|---|---|---|
Convincing evidence criteria | |||
Bipolar disorder | |||
Basal cortisol awakening87 | 0.23 (0.07–0.38) | 0.19 (−0.01 to 0.40) | 0.14 (−0.12 to 0.41) |
Schizophrenia | |||
Vitamin B6123 | −0.46 (−0.78 to −0.15) | −0.46 (−0.95 to 0.02) | −0.46 (−1.24 to 0.31) |
Highly suggestive evidence criteria | |||
Alzheimer disease | |||
Apolipoprotein E42 | −0.20 (−0.35 to −0.04) | −0.13 (−0.33 to 0.07) | −0.06 (−0.29 to 0.17) |
BDNF44 | −0.09 (−0.23 to 0.05) | −0.03 (−0.14 to 0.08) | −0.01 (−0.14 to 0.12) |
Copper46 | 0.17 (0.04–0.30) | 0.09 (−0.05 to 0.24) | 0.05 (−0.14 to 0.25) |
Folic acid59 | −0.18 (−0.28 to −0.08) | −0.12 (−0.23 to −0.01) | −0.08 (−0.23 to 0.07) |
Homocysteine59 | 0.41 (0.28–0.53) | 0.40 (0.21–0.59) | 0.40 (0.10–0.70) |
Vitamin E36 | −0.20 (−0.31 to −0.08) | −0.13 (−0.26 to −0.01) | −0.09 (−0.23 to 0.06) |
Autism | |||
5HT64 | 0.48 (0.26–0.69) | 0.35 (0.08–0.62) | 0.22 (−0.14 to 0.57) |
GSH (fasting)62 | −1.42 (−2.51 to −0.32) | −1.42 (−3.08 to 0.25) | −1.42 (−4.09 to 1.25) |
GSSG69 | 1.07 (0.37–1.78) | 1.07 (0.00–2.15) | 1.07 (−0.65 to 2.80) |
GSSG (fasting)62 | 1.02 (0.31–1.73) | 1.02 (−0.07–2.10) | 1.02 (−0.72 to 2.75) |
Lipid peroxidation markers138 | 0.44 (0.09–0.79) | 0.34 (−0.07 to 0.75) | 0.32 (−0.29 to 0.93) |
TGF-Beta 111 | 0.35 (0.10–0.59) | 0.33 (−0.01 to 0.66) | 0.31 (−0.18 to 0.80) |
Bipolar disorder | |||
IGF184 | 0.39 (0.03–0.75) | 0.39 (−0.16 to 0.94) | 0.39 (−0.49 to 1.27) |
NMDAR85 | 0.47 (0.13–0.80) | 0.47 (−0.04 to 0.98) | 0.47 (−0.35 to 1.29) |
NT-382 | 0.08 (−0.11 to 0.27) | −0.01 (−0.18 to 0.16) | 0.00 (−0.21 to 0.20) |
Uric acid81 | 0.23 (−0.02 to 0.49) | 0.08 (−0.14 to 0.31) | 0.03 (−0.20 to 0.27) |
CRP* 80 | 0.20 (0.06–0.34) | 0.13 (−0.04 to 0.31) | 0.12 (−0.14 to 0.39) |
CRP** 80 | 0.46 (0.23–0.68) | 0.44 (0.11–0.78) | 0.43 (−0.08 to 0.93) |
Depression | |||
BDNF110 | −0.18 (−0.30 to −0.05) | −0.07 (−0.19 to 0.05) | −0.03 (−0.18 to 0.12) |
CRP80 | 0.43 (0.26–0.61) | 0.42 (0.16–0.67) | 0.42 (0.02–0.82) |
Fibroblast growth factor-2111 | 0.33 (−0.02–0.68) | 0.27 (−0.18 to 0.71) | 0.19 (−0.36 to 0.74) |
Glutamate91 | 0.29 (0.11–0.46) | 0.21 (0.00–0.43) | 0.15 (−0.12 to 0.42) |
IGF184 | 0.51 (0.10–0.92) | 0.39 (−0.16 to 0.93) | 0.23 (−0.45 to 0.91) |
IL-6#9 | −0.15 (−0.26 to −0.03) | −0.10 (−0.23 to 0.02) | −0.08 (−0.23 to 0.07) |
IL-68 | 0.35 (0.23–0.48) | 0.26 (0.11–0.41) | 0.16 (−0.03 to 0.35) |
KYNA/3HK75 | −0.44 (−0.75 to −0.13) | −0.44 (−0.91 to 0.03) | −0.44 (−1.20 to 0.32) |
KYNA/QUIN75 | −0.33 (−0.58 to −0.08) | −0.33 (−0.70 to 0.05) | −0.33 (−0.93 to 0.28) |
KYN-ACID75 | −0.21 (−0.33 to −0.09) | −0.18 (−0.33 to −0.03) | −0.16 (−0.36 to 0.04) |
Lipid peroxidation markers#138 | 0.44 (0.09–0.79) | 0.34 (−0.07 to 0.75) | 0.32 (−0.29 to 0.93) |
sIL-2 receptor8 | 0.35 (0.09–0.61) | 0.25 (−0.08 to 0.59) | 0.19 (−0.28 to 0.66) |
TNF-alpha8 | 0.15 (0.02–0.28) | 0.09 (−0.04 to 0.22) | 0.07 (−0.08 to 0.21) |
Total cholesterol94 | −0.11 (−0.17 to −0.05) | −0.09 (−0.16 to −0.02) | −0.05 (−0.14 to 0.04) |
First episode psychosis | |||
Cortisol awakening response119 | −0.43 (−0.72 to −0.14) | −0.40 (−0.81 to 0.01) | −0.40 (−1.06 to 0.26) |
Schizophrenia | |||
Adiponectin#166 | −0.20 (−0.32 to −0.08) | −0.17 (−0.32 to −0.01) | −0.14 (−0.34 to 0.07) |
Anti-Gliadin IgA118 | 0.20 (0.00–0.40) | 0.15 (−0.13 to 0.42) | 0.15 (−0.30 to 0.59) |
Arachidonic acid$101 | 0.13 (−0.03 to 0.29) | 0.06 (−0.11 to 0.23) | 0.02 (−0.17 to 0.21) |
Cortisol168 | 0.11 (−0.02 to 0.25) | 0.03 (−0.10 to 0.17) | 0.00 (−0.17 to 0.17) |
Folate105 | −0.18 (−0.29 to −0.07) | −0.16 (−0.29 to −0.02) | −0.13 (−0.32 to 0.07) |
MDA109 | 0.50 (0.09–0.91) | 0.43 (−0.02 to 0.88) | 0.40 (−0.23 to 1.03) |
NGF122 | −0.21 (−0.39 to −0.02) | −0.11 (−0.31 to 0.08) | −0.05 (−0.30 to 0.21) |
NMDAR85 | 0.34 (0.07–0.61) | 0.34 (−0.06 to 0.74) | 0.34 (−0.30 to 0.98) |
sIL-2 receptor7 | 0.64 (0.06–1.22) | 0.64 (−0.24 to 1.52) | 0.64 (−0.78 to 2.05) |
