Fig. 3: TRAP alters neurogenesis in a sex-dependent manner.

a Representative images of the dentate gyrus from PND 51–55 males immunostained for DCX (red) to label immature neurons; Ki67 (green), proliferating cells; NeuN (cyan), mature neurons. Bar = 100 µm. Arrowheads identify cells double-labeled for Ki67/DCX; insets are of the field outlined in the white box. b Quantification of immature neurons measured as percent area of the SGZ and GCL immunopositive for DCX. c Quantification of cycling immature neurons measured as the percentage of total cells in the SGZ that were Ki67+/DCX+. d GCL width measured as band of NeuN immunoreactivity. e Representative images of TUNEL staining (green) to identify apoptotic cells; sections were counterstained for DAPI (blue) to label cell nuclei. DNase I was used as a positive control. f Quantification of TUNEL staining. g Fold-change in expression of Sox2, Igf2, and Igf1 in the hippocampus at PND 51–55 rats, normalized to the geometric mean of Gapdh and Ppia. Data presented as mean ± SD (n = 5–6 animals/group). For immunohistochemistry, four sections were analyzed per animal; for qPCR, two replicates/animal. Each circle represents the mean for one animal; white = FA; gray = TRAP. *p < 0.05 (Sidak’s test for immunohistochemical data; Mann–Whitney test for qPCR data).