Table 1 Protein levels of cytokine, chemokine, and growth factors in the hippocampus at PND 51–55.

From: Effects of early life exposure to traffic-related air pollution on brain development in juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats

 

Female (pg/ml ± s.d.)

Male (pg/ml ± s.d.)

 

Analyte

Filtered Air

TRAP

Filtered Air

TRAP

Result

IL-1β

24.07 ± 5.94

30.02 ± 6.14

26.54 ± 8.40

23.33 ± 5.94

n.s.

IL-18

260.29 ± 13.81

301.76 ± 27.03

288.49 ± 87.90

260.58 ± 30.58

n.s.

IL-1ɑ

48.40 ± 8.20

51.93 ± 8.12

47.96 ± 5.85

44.82 ± 1.83

n.s.

TNFɑ

607.67 ± 123.70

665.84 ± 64.74

788.43 ± 742.93

616.39 ± 162.69

n.s.

IL-6

1396.57 ± 124.81

1496.70 ± 113.50

1329.15 ± 65.24

1280.32 ± 72.62

p = 0.003; Female > Male

IL-12 (p70)

541.97 ± 88.58

605.44 ± 79.65

564.53 ± 47.95

536.06 ± 40.39

n.s.

IL-17

116.80 ± 17.78

129.70 ± 12.87

120.68 ± 7.55

114.14 ± 5.02

n.s.

IL-7

196.07 ± 8.90

217.92 ± 21.67

195.50 ± 27.22

189.73 ± 32.60

n.s.

IL-2

1742.63 ± 229.40

1746.21 ± 255.39

1894.78 ± 508.37

1685.35 ± 473.38

n.s.

IFNɣ

8673.11 ± 1537.55

10204.31 ± 1875.28

9059.99 ± 1182.41

8243.57 ± 771.17

n.s.

IL-4

54.55 ± 7.35

59.55 ± 7.45

54.37 ± 6.19

53.99 ± 6.55

n.s.

IL-5

167.70 ± 17.42

180.06 ± 17.72

171.23 ± 9.62

163.38 ± 5.10

n.s.

IL-10

408.32 ± 70.37

494.47 ± 29.87

419.98 ± 46.49

382.89 ± 36.07

p = 0.014; TRAP Female > FA Female

IL-13

172.12 ± 26.80

190.18 ± 32.09

178.58 ± 21.29

166.68 ± 22.92

n.s.

G-CSF

22.38 ± 3.71

26.56 ± 2.87

20.77 ± 2.46

20.90 ± 2.16

p = 0.008; Female > Male

GM-CSF

141.74 ± 7.85

153.83 ± 14.97

138.42 ± 8.88

136.08 ± 15.87

n.s.

M-CSF

11.23 ± 2.03

12.78 ± 2.30

11.76 ± 1.65

10.61 ± 0.58

n.s.

CXCL1

55.27 ± 7.42

60.91 ± 6.42

59.48 ± 3.53

53.71 ± 2.97

n.s.

CCL3

20.36 ± 4.07

22.11 ± 3.06

21.01 ± 2.19

18.98 ± 1.05

n.s.

CCL20

9.28 ± 1.48

10.33 ± 1.30

9.31 ± 0.79

8.92 ± 0.62

n.s.

CCL5

59.28 ± 7.69

64.36 ± 6.69

62.81 ± 5.06

58.89 ± 3.47

n.s.

CCL2

153.58 ± 12.61

165.91 ± 13.02

159.85 ± 17.56

145.18 ± 16.19

p = 0.046; interaction sex and exposure

VEGF

316.99 ± 51.37

341.82 ± 40.88

333.32 ± 25.45

310.21 ± 20.51

n.s.

  1. Data represent the mean ± SD (n = 5–6 animals/group with two technical replicates/animal). Significant main effects of sex, exposure, or interactions between sex and exposure were determined by two-way ANOVA with post hoc Sidak’s test.