Table 1 Sociodemographic and anamnestic data for the first and second cohort.

From: Early identification of postpartum depression using demographic, clinical, and digital phenotyping

Sociodemographic/anamnestic variable

First cohort

Second cohort

HC

PPD

AD

Statistical test

HC

PPD

AD

Statistical test

Age (in years)

31.9 ± 4.61

N = 247

30.4 ± 5.51

N = 28

31.4 ± 5.09

N = 33

X²(2, N= 308) = 2.60

p = .27

33.1 ± 4.31

N = 146

31.8 ± 7.04

N = 16

31.5 ± 5.42

N = 30

X²(2, N= 193) = 3.40

p = 0.18

Education (years)

13.8 ± 2.89

N = 240

12.4 ± 2.85

N = 27

13.4 ± 4.67

N = 33

X²(2, N= 300) = 3.04

p = 0.22

14.6 ± 3.22

N = 139

14.3 ± 2.96

N = 16

14.08 ± 2.56

N = 26

X²(2, N= 179) = 0.77

p = 0.68

Personal psychiatric history (no/yes)

220/27

16/12

19/14

X²(2, N= 308) = 34.5

p < 0.001 b,1,2

118/26c

6/10

15/15

X²(2, N= 190) = 24.2

p < 0.001 b,1,2

Familial psychiatric history (no/yes)

194/53

16/12

18/15

X²(2, N= 308) = 13.3

p = 0.001 b,1,2

112/33

8/8

65/14

X²(2, N= 193) = 10.8

p = 0.005 b,2

Birth complications (no/yes)

209/37

20/8

24/9

X²(2, N= 307) = 5.57

p = 0.062

121/26

10/6

25/5

X²(2, N= 193) = 3.80

p = 0.15

Subjective birth-related psychological traumas (no/yes)

215/29

19/9

20/13

X²(2, N= 305) = 21.1

p < 0.001 b,1,2

124/14

12/4

23/7

a

PMS (no PMS/mild PMS/PMS)

111/84/29

4/12/12

7/16/10

X²(4, N= 285) = 27.9

p < 0.001 b,1

83/44/14

3/4/8

9/14/6

X²(2, N= 185) = 26.6

p < 0.001 b,a

Postpartum blues (no/yes)

151/93

8/20

7/26

X²(2, N= 305) = 27.7

p < 0.001 b,1,2

102/45

0/16c

9/21

X²(2, N= 193) = 39.4

p < 0.001 b,a

Stressful life events

(number)

0.81 ± 1.27

1.46 ± 1.71

1.19 ± 1.18

 

1 ± 1.35

2.44 ± 2.06

1.97 ± 1.88

 

(no/yes)

144/103

11/17

12/20

X²(2, N= 307) = 7.78

p = 0.020

71/74

2/14

8/22

X²(2, N= 191) = 11.5

p = 0.003 b,1

Breastfeeding T4 (no/yes)

63/182

14/14

8/25

X²(2, N= 306) = 7.62

p = 0.022 b,1

41/96

9/7

9/20

X²(2, N= 182) = 4.56

p = 0.10

Hamilton Depression Rating Scale T4

--

13.2 ± 2.88

N = 27

--

 

--

14.6 ± 4.18

N = 16

  1. AD adjustment disorder, HC healthy controls, PMS premenstrual syndrome, PPD postpartum depression.
  2. aNo statistical analysis possible due to low expected cell counts.
  3. bBonferroni-corrected significant difference (p < 0.05) between 1 HC and PPD, 2 between HC and AD and/or 3 between PPD and AD.
  4. cSignificant group difference (p < 0.05) between first and validation cohort.