Table 2 Factors associated with psychological problems in COVID-19 patients.
From: Acute psychological impact on COVID-19 patients in Hubei: a multicenter observational study
Somatization symptoms | Insomnia | Anxiety | Suicidal ideation | Stress response | Depression | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
Gender | ||||||||||||
Female | 2.54 (1.77–3.63) | <0.001 | 1.49 (1.07–2.09) | 0.019 | 1.64 (1.21–2.23) | 0.001 | 1.97 (1.17–3.32) | 0.011 | 3.67 (1.65–8.15) | 0.001 | 2.17 (1.48–3.18) | <0.001 |
Male | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Marital status | ||||||||||||
Divorce/bereavement | 2.87 (1.49–5.52) | 0.002 | 2.02 (1.10–3.71) | 0.023 | 2.97 (1.70–5.20) | <0.001 | 3.71 (1.52–9.01) | 0.004 | 3.94 (1.33–11.67) | 0.013 | 3.60 (1.79–7.25) | <0.001 |
Married | 1.67 (1.11–2.52) | 0.014 | 1.29 (0.82–2.03) | 0.275 | 2.26 (1.49–3.43) | <0.001 | 1.72 (0.91–3.28) | 0.096 | 1.54 (0.70–3.37) | 0.279 | 1.95 (1.24–3.07) | 0.004 |
Unmarried | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Psychological counseling | ||||||||||||
Yes | 1.60 (1.10–2.33) | 0.013 | 1.73 (1.20–2.49) | 0.003 | 1.87 (1.38–2.52) | <0.001 | 1.81 (1.07–3.05) | 0.026 | 4.64 (2.40–9.01) | <0.001 | 1.74 (1.15–2.62) | 0.008 |
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Need oxygen inhalation | ||||||||||||
Yes | 2.61 (1.73–3.94) | <0.001 | 1.50 (1.04–2.15) | 0.029 | 1.69 (1.25–2.27) | 0.001 | _ | _ | _ | _ | 2.60 (1.74–3.87) | <0.001 |
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | _ | _ | _ | _ | 1 | ||||
Fever | ||||||||||||
Yes | 2.06 (1.20–3.55) | 0.009 | 1.66 (1.04–2.65) | 0.033 | _ | _ | 3.97 (2.07–7.63) | <0.001 | _ | _ | _ | _ |
No | 1 | 1 | _ | _ | 1 | _ | _ | _ | _ | |||
Education level | ||||||||||||
Senior high school or below | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | 2.68 (1.66–4.33) | <0.001 | 0.51 (0.26–1.00) | 0.049 | _ | _ |
Above senior high | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | 1 | 1 | _ | _ | ||
Age, year | ||||||||||||
≤17 | 1.26 (0.77–2.04) | 0.356 | 0.42 (0.25–0.70) | 0.001 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
18–44 | 1.91 (1.30–2.81) | 0.001 | 0.71 (0.50–1.00) | 0.051 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
≥45 | 1 | 1 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | ||
Family members’ infection | ||||||||||||
Confirmed infection | _ | _ | _ | _ | 1.15 (0.84–1.58) | 0.381 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
Suspected | _ | _ | _ | _ | 1.61 (1.10–2.37) | 0.015 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
No infection | _ | _ | _ | _ | 1 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | |
Concomitant disease | ||||||||||||
Yes | 1.82 (1.26–2.62) | 0.002 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
No | 1 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | |
