Table 1 Participant demographics, clinical characteristics, and metabolic measures.

Male/female

110/85

37/33

χ² = 0.26

0.61

Smoker/non-smoker

52/143

17/53

χ² = 0.15

0.70

Age (years)

35.60 (13.03)

39.74 (11.82)

t = 2.33

0.02

Education (years)

12.37 (3.21)

12.91 (2.56)

t = 1.28

0.20

BMI

23.43 (4.36)

23.92 (3.07)

t = 1.02

0.31

CPZ

266.31 (349.77)

NA

NA

NA

PANSS total score

72.36 (17.13)

NA

NA

NA

Working memory^a

45.16 (11.43)

57.78 (7.65)

F = 78.19

<0.001

Processing speed^a

44.96 (8.73)

57.09 (8.51)

F = 92.99

<0.001

Attention/vigilance^a

43.64 (9.85)

56.81 (9.08)

F = 59.66

<0.001

Verbal learning^a

46.98 (12.17)

57.41 (8.34)

F = 39.31

<0.001

Visual learning^a

45.23 (10.56)

53.39 (8.47)

F = 37.73

<0.001

Reasoning and problem solving^a

45.70 (10.70)

55.88 (7.81)

F = 69.88

<0.001

Social cognition^a

46.20 (10.97)

53.22 (9.95)

F = 24.76

<0.001

MCCB composite score^a

43.91 (10.21)

57.83 (7.93)

F = 103.64

<0.001

5-HI (ng/ml)^a

8.57, 8.44 (2.79)

7.85, 7.73 (2.12)

F = 2.54

0.11

KYNA (ng/ml)^a

6.42, 5.77 (3.36)

8.59, 8.14 (3.09)

F = 34.38

<0.001

QUIN (ng/ml)^a

49.62, 44.71 (24.73)

54.18, 50.51 (16.55)

F = 5.63

0.02

5-HI/KYNA^a

1.69, 1.36 (1.30)

1.01, 0.94 (0.40)

F = 33.61

<0.001

QUIN/KYNA^a

8.67, 8.04 (3.8)

6.77, 6.36 (2.44)

F = 18.05

<0.001